An NRC ad hoc committee analyzed the current status and future development potential of Armenia's science and technology base, including human and infrastructural resources and research and educational capabilities. The committee identified those fields and institutions offering promising opportunities for contributing to economic and social development, and particularly institutions having unique and important capabilities, worthy of support from international financial institutions, private investment sources, and the Armenian and U.S. governments. The scope of the study included both pure and applied research as well as education in science-related fields. The committee's report addresses the existing capacity of state and private research institutions, higher education capabilities and trends, scientific funding sources, innovative investment models, relevant success stories, factors hindering development of the science sector, potential domestic Armenian customers for scientific results and products, and opportunities for regional scientific collaboration. An Armenian language version of the report is also available.
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction: The historiography of FLT
- The significance of the historiography of foreign language teaching
- Approaches
- Publications on the history of foreign language teaching in Spain
- The historiography of ELT in Spain: A retrospective
- Methodology of the present work
- 1. The inception of ELT in Spain (1769-1850)
- 1.1. Political and socio-cultural framework
- 1.2. The socio-cultural context
- 1.3. European FLT framework.
- 1.4. The origins of ELT in Spain: where and how
- 1.5. Conclusion
- 2. ELT in Spain (1850-1910), further development
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. Spain
- 2.3. Conclusion
- 3. ELT in Spain between 1910 and 1970
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. The new actors in ELT: Britain and the USA
- 3.3. Europe and Spain in the 1950s and 1960s: So close and so far away
- 3.4. The Spanish tradition
- 3.5. ELT in Spain between 1910 and 1970: The private sector
- 3.6. Overview of English manuals in Spain between 1910 and 1970
- 3.7. Teaching English beyond manuals: the exceptional cases of Juan Carrión and Patricia Shaw Fairman
- 3.8. Conclusion
- Appendix I
- Appendix II
- Author biography
- Index
- List of Figures
- Table 1: English manuals published in Spain between 1769 and 1899.
- Table 2: English manuals published in Spain between 1900 and 1970.
- Figure 1: Extract from Henry Mac Veigh’s Curso de inglés.
- Figure 2: Extract from John Shaw’s Curso de ingles.
- Figure 3: Extract from Eduardo Benot’s English course.
- Figure 4: Extract from Arturo Cuyàs’s bidirectional bilingual English-Spanish dictionary.
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